Timekeeping and calendar development: The Mesopotamians developed detailed lunar calendars based on their astronomical observations. These calendars played a vital role in religious rituals and agricultural activities.
Mapping and surveying: Astronomy helped in the development of advanced mapping and surveying techniques, essential for land allocation and irrigation projects crucial to their agricultural society.
Navigation: Knowing the movement of stars was useful for traders and travelers who ventured across the vast desert regions surrounding Mesopotamia, helping them navigate long distances for trade.
Mathematical and scientific advancements: Studying celestial bodies led to the development of advanced mathematical and scientific concepts. The Mesopotamians made significant contributions to mathematics and astronomy, laying the foundation for later scientific advancements.
Overall, astronomy was deeply intertwined with various aspects of Mesopotamian society and played a vital role in their religious beliefs, agriculture, trade, infrastructure, and intellectual development.