Self-portrait by Louise Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun. 1790. Uffizi Museum, Florence • WIKIMEDIA COMMONS In 1790, in Florence, the great artist of the 18th century Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun (1755-1842) made her self-portrait on the road to exile she faced during the French Revolution. Now kept in the Uf
The so-called lace wars of the late 17th to the middle of the 18th century are considered today as a kind of good war, without deviations, without murders, without massacres of civilians, looting, rape, war crimes. But was it so? History shows that, unfortunately, this was not the only way it ha
It was the year 889 and Al-Andalus extended over much of the Iberian Peninsula. Muslims, Jews and converts lived there in a mixture that gave rise to the cultural landmarks of all known. The Christians who had been left under Muslim rule had two options, convert or seek their lives. Or both if thing
The battle of Yad Mordechai is one of the most incredible in history. It pitted regular troops supported by tanks and artillery against rogue fighters, citizens in reality fighting for their lives and their fledgling state. On May 14, 1948, Israel declared its independence. This decision was also