* Aqueducts: The Romans were masters of building aqueducts, which were used to transport water from distant sources to cities and towns. Aqueducts were engineering marvels, some of which stretched for hundreds of kilometres and crossed valleys and mountains. They were built using a variety of materials, including stone, concrete, and brick, and were designed to withstand earthquakes and other natural disasters.
* Roads: The Romans also built an extensive network of roads, which allowed for travel and trade throughout the empire. Roman roads were well-constructed and durable, and some of them are still in use today.
* Bridges: The Romans built many bridges, some of which were of remarkable size and complexity. The Pont du Gard, for example, is a Roman aqueduct bridge that spans the Gard River in France. It is one of the most impressive examples of Roman engineering and architecture.
* Domes: The Romans were the first to develop the use of domes in architecture. Domes were used to cover large spaces, such as the Pantheon in Rome. The Pantheon's dome is made of concrete and has a diameter of 43 metres. It is the largest unreinforced concrete dome in the world.
Architecture
* Temples: Roman temples were typically built on a raised platform and featured a portico with columns. The columns were usually made of marble or granite. The interior of the temple was divided into three parts: the cella, which housed the statue of the deity; the pronaos, which was the entrance to the temple; and the opisthodomos, which was the rear of the temple.
* Basilica: Basililicas were large, public buildings that were used for a variety of purposes, such as law courts, meeting halls, and markets. Basilicas were typically rectangular in shape and had a central nave with aisles on either side. The nave was separated from the aisles by columns.
* Amphitheatres: Amphitheatres were large, oval-shaped arenas that were used for gladiatorial contests and other public spectacles. The Colosseum in Rome is the most famous amphitheatre. It could hold up to 80,000 spectators.
* Thermae: Thermae were public baths that were used by the Romans for relaxation and socialising. Thermae typically included a variety of rooms, such as hot baths, cold baths, saunas, steam rooms, and massage rooms.
Philosophy
Roman philosophy was heavily influenced by Greek philosophy, but it also developed its own unique characteristics. Some of the most important Roman philosophers include:
* Cicero: Cicero was a statesman, orator, and philosopher. He wrote extensively on a variety of topics, including ethics, politics, and law.
* Seneca the Younger: Seneca was a Stoic philosopher who was also a tutor to the emperor Nero. He wrote extensively on ethics and morality.
* Marcus Aurelius: Marcus Aurelius was a Stoic philosopher who was also the emperor of Rome from 161 to 180 AD. He wrote extensively on ethics and the nature of the universe.
Roman philosophy has had a profound impact on Western thought, and it continues to be studied and admired today.