1. Adoption of Persian Customs:
- Assimilation Policy: Alexander aimed to unify his vast empire by promoting a policy of assimilation. By adopting certain Persian customs, such as wearing Persian robes and participating in Persian rituals, he sought to create a sense of unity and loyalty among his diverse subjects.
- Symbiotic Relationship: Alexander recognized the strengths and achievements of Persian civilization. By adopting some of their customs, he aimed to establish a symbiotic relationship with the Persian elites and gain their cooperation in governing the empire.
2. Inclusion of Persians in the Army:
- Military Necessity: The Persian Empire had a long tradition of military prowess, and Alexander recognized the value of incorporating experienced Persian soldiers into his army. Persian cavalry, for example, was renowned for its skill and played a crucial role in Alexander's conquests.
- Meritocracy: Alexander's army was based on merit, regardless of ethnicity or origin. He recognized and rewarded talented individuals, regardless of their background. Many Persians demonstrated their loyalty and competence, and Alexander was willing to promote them based on their merits.
- Loyalty Assurance: By incorporating Persians into his army, Alexander sought to ensure their loyalty and prevent any potential rebellion or discontent. By making them feel valued and included, he aimed to foster their allegiance to the empire.
- Cultural Exchange: The inclusion of Persians in the army also facilitated cultural exchange. Persian soldiers brought their customs, language, and knowledge into the Macedonian army, which contributed to the broader Hellenistic culture that emerged in the conquered territories.
Overall, Alexander's adoption of Persian customs and inclusion of Persians in his army were strategic moves aimed at fostering unity, gaining the cooperation of Persian elites, and effectively governing his vast empire.