1. Social Purpose: Progressive architecture emphasized social welfare and aimed to improve the living conditions of the working class. It often incorporated elements such as affordable housing, public amenities, and community spaces to promote social equality and better urban planning.
2. Functionalism: Progressive architects believed that form should follow function, prioritizing the practical and functional aspects of buildings over purely aesthetic considerations. They designed spaces that met specific needs and purposes, such as schools, hospitals, factories, and public facilities.
3. Simplicity and Craftsmanship: Progressive architecture favored simple, unadorned designs that highlighted quality craftsmanship and materials. It rejected the elaborate ornamentation and excessive decoration characteristic of the Gilded Age in favor of more honest and straightforward forms.
4. Regionalism: Progressive architects drew inspiration from local traditions and vernacular architecture, adapting designs to suit the climate, culture, and materials available in different regions. This approach fostered a sense of place and celebrated local identities.
5. Technology: Progressive architects embraced technological innovations, such as advancements in steel, concrete, and glass, to create more efficient and functional structures. They experimented with new construction techniques and materials to push the boundaries of design and engineering.
6. Social Reform: Progressive architecture aimed to address social issues such as poverty, overcrowding, and sanitation problems in cities. Architects advocated for better urban planning, improved housing conditions, and the creation of public parks and green spaces to enhance the quality of life for all citizens.
7. Collaboration: Progressive architecture encouraged collaboration between architects, engineers, sociologists, and other professionals to create holistic and sustainable solutions for society. They believed in an interdisciplinary approach to design that considered the social, economic, and environmental impacts of their projects.
Examples of Progressive Architecture:
- Frank Lloyd Wright's Robie House (1909)
- Louis Sullivan's Wainwright Building (1891)
- Daniel Burnham's Plan of Chicago (1909)
- Jane Addams' Hull-House (1889)
- Frederick Law Olmsted's Central Park (1858)
These examples showcase how progressive architecture sought to promote social progress, prioritize functionality, and address the challenges of urbanization during a period of significant social change.