- Hieroglyphics: Hieroglyphics were a writing system that used pictures and symbols to represent words and ideas. Hieroglyphs were used for formal writing, such as religious texts and royal decrees.
- Hieratic: Hieratic was a cursive form of hieroglyphics that was used for everyday writing, such as letters and business documents.
- Demotic: Demotic was a simplified form of hieratic that was used in the later periods of Egyptian history.
- Coptic: Coptic was a form of Greek that was written using the Demotic alphabet. Coptic was used by Egyptian Christians.
- Spoken language: Ancient Egyptians also communicated through spoken language. The ancient Egyptian language was a complex language with a large vocabulary.