Definition: Domus was a single-family house that was commonly found in ancient Rome.
General layout: These luxurious homes were typically large and spacious. Usually, they were built around an atrium, which is a central courtyard that served as the nucleus of the house and provided natural light and ventilation to the adjacent rooms. The entrance to the domus was usually through an opening called a fauces.
Types:
- Domus urbana: This was an urban domus, found within the ancient Roman cities.
- Domus rustica: This was a rural domus, usually situated in the countryside or agricultural areas surrounding Rome.
Insula
Definition: An insula was a multi-story apartment building commonly found in ancient Rome.
General layout: Insulae were typically tall structures, with multiple floors or levels, and they housed several families or individuals in separate apartments or units.
Types:
- Insula urbana: This was a city insula located in the urban centers of ancient Rome.
- Insula rustica: This was a rural insula, typically found in smaller towns or agricultural settlements outside the main cities.
- Insula felix: Sometimes translated as "happy apartment block", this was a private insula complex known for its luxurious offerings and amenities.
- Insula damnata: This term, translating to "condemned apartment block," referred to poorly maintained or decrepit insulae, often associated with lower-income or marginalized communities.
Villa
Definition: A villa was a country house or estate in ancient Rome.
General layout: Villae were often located outside of the city center. They varied in size and opulence, ranging from modest farmhouses to grand estates. Some villas incorporated luxurious amenities like elaborate gardens, bath complexes, libraries, and art collections.
Types:
- Villa urbana: This was an urban villa, located in the outskirts or suburbs of ancient Roman cities.
- Villa rustica: This was a rural villa, situated in the countryside, often serving as a working agricultural estate.