The independence of Argentina in colonial times called viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata , begins when the English fleet occupies Buenos Aires (1806) and Viceroy Sobremonte takes refuge in Córdoba. The Creole Santiago de Liniers, in command of the city's militia, defeated the British sailors and was appointed viceroy by the Crown, at the proposal of the council. The English sent a more powerful army the following year, subdued Montevideo and set out to conquer Buenos Aires, but they were unsuccessful. Liniers was replaced by Cisneros, a viceroy addicted to the monarchy.
The Creoles, aware of their military power and their commercial autonomy, established an open council in May 1810 a Provincial Board in the name of Fernando VII, when they learned of the disappearance of the Seville Board. On May 25, 1810, after multiple dissensions, the Government Board came to light, the first autonomous body of the River Plate province. His secretary, Mariano Moreno, expelled the viceroy and the royalists and shot Liniers, who had risen up in Córdoba.
Moreno tried to incorporate the Banda Oriental (Uruguay) and Paraguay to the Junta. General Manuel Belgrano, with the army from the north, tried to annex Upper Peru by force, but was defeated when facing the Peruvian royalists in Tucumán and Salta. Thus, on July 9, 1816 the Rio de la Plata Congress declared the independence of the United Provinces and appointed Juan Martín de Pueyrredón Supreme Director. In turn, General José de San Martín settled in Mendoza and devised a plan to liberate Chile, Peru, and Upper Peru.
Theindependence of Algeria was proclaimed on July 5, 1962 , at the end of a very violent conflict of almost eight years, and especially more than a century of colonial occupation. On March 19, 1962, the Évian agreements had put an end to the fighting and on July 1, a referendum allowed Algeria to ch