Socially, the human organization evolved from the simplest to the most complex. In ancient times, human groups adopted various forms of human organization with their own characteristics:
The Hordes
This type of human organization was formed by human groups instinctively united by common needs; for example, searching for food or defending against animal attacks. Its members were not related by blood; that is, they did not descend from a common family trunk.
The Clans or Families
They were also human groups whose members consider themselves relatives , by blood, but by being mythical descendants of a common ancestor called a totem .
The totem was an animal, insect, plant, natural phenomenon, etc. For this reason, men wore tattoos, coats of arms, clothing or ornaments that represented the totem from which they descended like the falcon or the buffalo.
Among the members of the clan, there were mutual obligations, such as mutual help, participating in the rites.
The Fraterias
This type of human organization was given by the union of several clans forming a brotherhood. Therefore, the phratries had the same characteristics as those, since they were only more complex communities.
The Tribe
The sum of several phratries gave rise to a tribe. However, each tribe used to be divided into two phratries, in order to share the territory they occupied to dedicate themselves to different tasks.
The Primitive Family
It arises in the Paleolithic as a concentration of groups. It is different from the current family, which emerged in the Neolithic and was later recognized as an institution by Roman Law.
The Patriarchy
Possibly the societies prior to sedentarism were governed by generally elderly and highly experienced people called patriarchs . The patriarchs had the essential function of administering the assets of the community, rationally organizing the work of its members, presiding over religious worship, and in general worrying about the collective well-being.