Macedonia , ancient plains kingdom in the northeast of the Greek peninsula, at the tip of the Thérmai Golf . In the 4th century v. Chr. Reached es the Hegemony over Greece and conquered territories up to Indus , creating a short-lived empire known as the Hellenistic Ages the ancient Greek civilization introduced .
Britannica Quiz Cleopatra:fact or fiction? Was Cleopatra a manipulative imperialist? A gifted scholar and ruler? A romantic heroine? Press start on this quiz to see if you can separate fact from fiction when it comes to Cleopatra Prehistoric Macedonia's cultural ties were mainly with Greece and Anatolia . A people who named themselves Macedonian have been around for about 700 v . Chr. Known , as they led by the king from her home on Haliacmon River (Aliákmon) pushed east Perdiccas I and its descendants. The origin and identity of this people is much debated and is at the center of a heated modern dispute between those who argue that this people should be considered ethnically Greek and those who argue that they were not Greek or that their origin and identity cannot be determined ( see Researcher's note:Macedonia:a controversial name ). This dispute hinges in part on whether these people pre-5th century v . Ch. A form of Greek spoke . however, it is known that in the 5th century v The Macedonian elite had taken a form of ancient Greek and also forged a unified kingdom. Athenian control of the coastal regions forced the Macedonian rulers to focus on bringing the highlands and plains of Macedonia under their control - a task eventually taken up by their king has been fulfilled Amyntas III (reg . Approx. 393-370 / 369 v . Ch. ).
Two of Amyntas' sons, Alexander II and Perdiccas III, reigned only briefly. Amyntas' third son, Philipp II . Took control on behalf of Perdiccas' small heir, but after restoring order made himself king (r. 359–336) and made Macedonia a dominant position in Greece.
Philip's son Alexander III. (Alexander the Great; r. 336–323) overthrew the Achaemenian (Persian) Empire and extended Macedonia's rule to the Nile and the Indus. At Alexander's death in Babylon, his generals divided up the satrapies (provinces) of his empire and used them as bases to fight for the whole. From 321 to 301, warfare was almost continuous. Macedonia itself remained the heart of the empire, and its possession (along with control of Greece) was fiercely contested. Antipater (Alexander's regent in Europe) and his son Cassander managed to retain control of Macedonia and Greece until Cassander's death (297), who plunged Macedonia into civil war fell. After a six-year rule (294–288) of Demetrius I Poliorcetes Macedonia once again fell into a state of internal confusion, compounded by Galatian raiders from the north. In 277 Antigonus II Gonatas , the able son of Demetrius, repelled the Galatians and was hailed as king by the Macedonian army. Under him the country achieved a stable monarchy - the Antigonid Dynasty who ruled Macedonia from 277 to 168.
Below Philipp V. (reg. 221–179) and his son Perseus (r. 179–168) Macedonia clashed with Rome and lost. ( See Macedonian Wars .) Under Roman control, Macedonia initially (168–146) formed four independent republics with no common ties. In 146, however, it became a Roman province with the four departments as administrative units. Macedonia remained the Bulwark of Greece, and on the northern borders there was frequent fighting against neighboring tribes. Around 400 ce was it to the provinces of Macedonia and Macedonia secunda within the diocese of Moesia.