After the partition, once again the extremist leaders started dominating the Congress. They did not believe in the policy of application and solicitation and also did not consider the policy of cooperating with the British Empire by Indians. He wanted Swarajya for the Indians and felt the need of a nationwide movement for the attainment of Swaraj. He wanted to develop an unbreakable sense of patriotism and sacrifice in the common man, so that the Ghori government should leave India in fear. For this purpose, he used to boycott foreign goods, promote indigenous goods and emphasize on national education. During this period the rich class, intellectual class and middle class of India were caught in the attraction of western education and lifestyle. In order to create a feeling of nationalism among these people, it was necessary to establish before them the cultural and spiritual superiority of India. For this purpose, Bal Gangadhar Tilak started the tradition of celebrating Ganesh Puja and Shivaji Utsav at the level of common man in Maharashtra. Arvind Ghosh started a month-long Kali Puja in Bengal. Lala Lajpat Rai worked to strengthen the Arya Samaj movement in Punjab. Thus these radical-nationalist leaders broadened these religious and social ceremonies and made them effective means of creating national unity and social consciousness.
The nationalist leaders had started social and religious celebrations on a large scale to make the masses stand up against the British government and create a sense of unity among them, but the British instigated the Muslims against the Hindus under the guise of these celebrations and radicalized Muslim leaders. encouraged to start the separatist movement. The British officials alleged that the Gorakshini Sabha, founded by Tilak, was a source of discord between Hindus and Muslims. While N. M. Goldberg has written in Leader of the Democratic Wing in Maharashtra that Shias and Sunnis also used to attend Ganapati worship started by Tilak. Indulal Yagnik in his biography of Shyamji Krishna Varma has corroborated this statement of Goldberg, but attempts were made by the British government to thwart militant nationalism by calling it anti-Muslim. This led to the development of the theory of two-nationalism in India. According to this principle, not one nation but two nations reside in India - first Hindu nation and second Muslim nation. Influenced by this idea, many Muslims distanced themselves from the national movement and founded the Muslim League in AD 1906.
The extremist leaders wanted to establish such a national education system in India which could produce patriotic citizens. He believed that mental slaves were being prepared by the English education system. If the ability of independent thinking is developed in the youth of India, then the Indian national movement will automatically gain momentum. Inspired by this idea, extremist leaders organized the Theosophical Schools and Colleges across the country, the D.A. Founded V. School, Hindu College, Banaras Hindu University etc. These institutions played an important role in the spread of nationalism. On this, the British also encouraged Muslims and other religions to establish their own separate educational institutions, in which religious education of those religions, sects and sects started to be given.
There was a huge difference between the political objectives of the liberals and the extremists. The liberal leaders envisioned a responsible government within the British Empire. He understood the welfare of India in the stay of the British. Once Lord Hardinge said to Gokhale- 'How would you feel if I told you that in a month all British officers and army would leave India. To this Gokhale's reply was- 'I will be glad to hear this news but before you guys reach Aden, we will telegram you to come back.'
In contrast to the liberals, the extremists demanded Swaraj for the country. Tilak said that the British should leave India as soon as possible. This will give immense pleasure to Indians. The extremist leaders believed that no matter how good foreign good governance was, it could not be superior to self-government.
The extremist-nationalist leader Bipin Chandra Pal said- 'No one can give Swarajya to anyone. If today the British want to give them Swaraj, they will reject such Swaraj because that which I cannot earn; I don't even deserve to accept it.' Tilak said that- 'For the attainment of political rights one has to fight...... Lala Lajpat Rai had said in the Congress session of AD 1905- 'An Englishman has great hatred and estrangement from a beggar. In my view a beggar is worthy to be hated. So it is our duty now to show the British that we are not beggars. Our ideal is not begging, but self-reliance.'
If a comprehensive analysis of the liberal and extremist leaders of the Congress of that period is done, it will be clear that although radical nationalism originated in reaction to liberalism, yet they were complementary to each other. The liberals created a background for the extremists in the form of Congress and the extremists used the same Congress to further their policies. Both were true patriots and patriots. Ramnath Suman has written- "When we analyze and study the tendencies of both the soft and the hot parties, it appears that both are complementary to each other in the development of our nationality and both are important for our politics. Natural tools. In fact, they are two sides of the same movement. The same lamp has two results. The first signifies light; Second summer. The first is the intelligence-side; The second is the sentiment side. The first wanted to get some facilities, the second was aimed at bringing about a mental change in the nation.'
The leaders of the extremist movement insisted that political freedom is the life of the nation. Due to this, the British government started crushing the militants with full force. In AD 1908, the Newspaper Bill was introduced so that these leaders could not spread their ideas to the public. The Criminal Law Amendment Act (1908) to deal with terrorist charges was enacted by the government in the same year and the Sedition Convention Act, 1911 to restrict freedom of expression. Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai and other extremist leaders were taken prisoner which gave a huge blow to the militants. After the release, the morale of many leaders was broken.
In AD 1916, Bal Gangadhar Tilak was successful in re-establishing the unity of the Congress in the Lucknow session and along with Annie Besant continued to run the Home Rule Movement. Bal Gangadhar Tilak had to spend a considerable part of his life in the prisons of the British. Therefore, by the time of AD 1919, his health started deteriorating. By this time Mohandas Gandhi had returned to India from South Africa in AD 1915 and had also gained some fame from the Champaran movement of AD 1917. By the time of 1919, Gandhiji started making a place on the Congress forums. When Gandhi proposed the non-cooperation movement in AD 1919, Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Mrs. Annie Besant left the Congress out of anger. He did not consider this frivolous politics to be a good start for the Congress. Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak died on 1 August 1920 and the country lost one of its greatest leaders.
In this way, to deal with Indian discontent, the machine which was invented by the British in AD 1885, the nationalist leaders made it a warship to get India's independence in AD 1905, but before the Congress warship was in the direction of independence. In AD 1906, the British invented another warship called the Muslim League, which was moving very strongly from the opposite direction to block the path of the Congress.