After the establishment of the Arab caliphate, the Byzantine Empire found itself facing a fanatical and stubborn opponent on its eastern borders. The Arabs carried out destructive raids at regular intervals in Asia Minor throughout the 8th and 9th centuries in an attempt to spread, through jihad, ho
Following the advice of his father, Carlos IV kept Floridablanca as chief minister. The Cortes, which were convened in September 1789 to recognize the heir to the throne, the future Ferdinand VII, heard a statement from Campomanes on agrarian reform, after which they were interrupted on the pretext
King of France from 1515 to 1547,Francis I passed down to posterity thanks to the battle of Marignan, won by the king-knight in 1515. A great lover of women and hunting, great prince of the French Renaissance and protector of the arts and letters, his reign had a profound effect on the sixteenth cen
Shortly after 03:00 in the morning of October 28, 1940, the then Italian government sent an ultimatum to Greece, through the Italian ambassador in Athens, Emanuele Grazzi, who personally delivered it to Ioannis Metaxas at his home in Kifissia and with which he demanded the free passage of the Italia