1. Financial Reparations: Germany was obligated to pay 132 billion gold marks (approximately $33 billion) in reparations to the Allied powers. This amount was to be paid in annual installments over a period of 30 years.
2. Territorial Losses: Germany lost significant territories as a result of the treaty. Alsace-Lorraine was returned to France, Eupen-Malmédy to Belgium, North Schleswig to Denmark, and West Prussia, Posen, and Upper Silesia to Poland. Germany also lost all of its overseas colonies.
3. Disarmament: Germany's military was severely restricted. The German army was limited to 100,000 men, and conscription was abolished. The air force was abolished altogether, and the navy was reduced to a small coastal defense force.
4. War Guilt Clause: Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles, known as the "war guilt clause," placed sole responsibility for the outbreak of World War I on Germany. This provision was highly controversial and resented by many Germans.
The burden of reparations was a significant factor in the economic turmoil and political instability in Germany during the interwar period. It contributed to the rise of the Nazi Party and ultimately to the outbreak of World War II.
It's worth noting that the Treaty of Versailles was later revised and modified, particularly with the Dawes Plan in 1924 and the Young Plan in 1929, which aimed to alleviate the economic strain caused by the initial reparations schedule.