- Following World War I, there was the signing of the Armistice of Mudros, which effectively ended Ottoman's involvement in World War I.
- Although the Ottoman government was still in control at this point, the Allied Powers had divided up much of the Ottoman Empire and were occupying much of its territory during this period.
- The occupying forces sought to break the Ottoman Empire altogether and divide its lands between themselves.
- The terms of an upcoming peace treaty were drafted in the form of the Treaty of Sèvres. It included extensive concessions to the Allied Powers on the part of the Ottoman government.
- While the Ottoman government signed the treaty, it never went into effect, as it was rejected by the Turkish nationalist movement under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, which was at that point actively fighting against the remnants of the Ottoman government and the Allied occupying forces.
- The Turkish-Greek War ended in the 1922 Turkish victory, and the Turkish nationalists eventually prevailed after the Turkish War of Independence.
- The Treaty of Sèvres was replaced in 1923 with the Treaty of Lausanne, which was far more favorable to the Turkish nationalists and resulted in the founding of the Republic of Turkey.