Imperialism and colonialism: European powers continued to expand their empires and colonies, often competing with each other for resources and territories. This competition created tensions between countries and increased the likelihood of conflict.
Economic rivalries: The global economy was becoming increasingly interconnected, leading to competition for trade, markets, and raw materials. This economic rivalry contributed to tensions between countries.
Political instability: There was a rise in political instability in many parts of the world. This included the rise of authoritarian regimes, such as the Nazis in Germany, and the Bolsheviks in Russia.
Arms races: Countries engaged in arms races, stockpiling weapons and building up their military capabilities. This created a sense of insecurity and fear among nations, increasing the risk of conflict.
Alliance systems: The European powers were divided into two main alliance systems: the Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy) and the Triple Entente (France, Russia, and Britain). These alliances created a delicate balance of power and increased the risk of war.
Unresolved territorial disputes: There were several unresolved territorial disputes between countries, particularly in the Balkans and Eastern Europe. These disputes were a potential flashpoint for conflict.