* Navigational advancements: Europeans developed new navigational instruments, such as the astrolabe and the compass, which allowed them to navigate more accurately.
* Shipbuilding innovations: Europeans also developed new shipbuilding techniques, such as the carrack, which allowed them to build larger and more seaworthy ships.
* Gunpowder: The development of gunpowder and firearms gave Europeans a significant military advantage over other civilizations.
Why:
* Economic incentives: The European economy was growing rapidly in the 16th and 17th centuries, and there was a strong demand for new markets and resources.
* Political ambitions: The European powers were also competing for political power and influence, and control of the sea-lanes was seen as a key to achieving these goals.
* Religious zeal: The European powers were also motivated by religious zeal, and they saw the spread of Christianity as a justification for their conquests.
As a result of these factors, a relatively small group of Eurasian land mass gained control major sea-lanes world in the 16th and 17th centuries. This control had a profound impact on the world, as it led to the European exploration and colonization of the Americas, Africa, and Asia.