History of Europe

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What World events 1925 - 1945?

1925

  • January: The Locarno Treaties are signed between Germany and some other European countries, aiming to improve security in Europe after World War I.

  • April: The Paris Exposition of Decorative Arts is held, showcasing new trends in art, design, and architecture.

  • July: The Scopes Trial begins in Dayton, Tennessee, where John Scopes, a biology teacher, is charged with teaching evolution in defiance of state law.

  • October: The Egyptian government is overthrown by the military, and King Fuad is installed as the new ruler.


    • 1926

  • January: The Dawes Plan, an international agreement that restructures German reparations payments, is put into effect.

  • May: The General Strike in the United Kingdom begins, with nearly six million workers participating in protest of wage cuts and poor working conditions.

  • July: The Pan-American Conference is held in Havana, Cuba, aiming to strengthen ties among the countries of the Americas.

  • August: The Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) is established in Paris, with the goal of promoting international peace through cooperation between parliaments.

  • December: Hirohito becomes Emperor of Japan after the death of his father, Emperor Taishō.

    • 1927

  • January: The Soviet Union begins industrializing the country under its first Five-Year Plan, focusing on heavy industry and rapid economic growth.

  • April: The Shanghai massacre takes place when Chinese protesters in Shanghai are killed by British and French troops.

  • May: Charles Lindbergh completes the first solo, nonstop transatlantic flight from New York to Paris.

  • July: The Geneva Conventions of 1929 on improving treatment of prisoners of war are adopted.

  • August: The Nicaraguan Civil War begins, lasting for six years and resulting in a military dictatorship.

    1928

  • January: The Kellogg-Briand Pact, also known as the "Pact of Paris," is signed by several nations to renounce war as a means of resolving international disputes.

  • May: The Academy Awards ceremony is held for the first time in Los Angeles, California, honoring the best films of 1927.

  • August: The Olympic Games are held in Amsterdam, Netherlands, with women participating in track and field events for the first time.

  • October: Herbert Hoover is elected as the 31st President of the United States, defeating incumbent President Calvin Coolidge.

  • December: The League of Nations adopts the Slavery Convention of 1926, aiming to suppress slavery and the slave trade.

    • 1929

  • February: The first Academy Awards ceremony is held in Hollywood, California, to celebrate the best films of 1927-1928.

  • March: The Young Plan, modifying Germany's reparations payments as part of the Dawes Plan, is put into effect.

  • October: The stock market crashes on Wall Street, marking the beginning of the Great Depression, a severe global economic crisis.

  • November: The Lateran Treaty is signed between the Italian government and the Holy See, resolving a long-standing conflict and establishing Vatican City as an independent city-state.

  • December: The Soviet Union expels Leon Trotsky, a key Bolshevik leader and critic of Joseph Stalin, from the country.

    • 1930

  • January: Mahatma Gandhi begins the Dandi March in India, protesting the British salt monopoly and sparking civil disobedience.

  • April: The London Naval Treaty is signed, limiting the construction and tonnage of naval vessels by major powers.

  • July: The FIFA World Cup is held for the first time in Uruguay, with Uruguay defeating Argentina in the final.

  • September: The Great Depression worsens in the United States, with millions of Americans unemployed and facing severe economic hardships.

  • October: Getúlio Vargas takes power in Brazil through a military coup, establishing a dictatorship that would last for 15 years.

    • 1931

  • January: The Empire State Building, one of the tallest buildings in the world at the time, is completed in New York City.

  • April: The Spanish Second Republic is proclaimed after the overthrow of King Alfonso XIII, establishing a democratic government in Spain.

  • July: The Manchurian Crisis begins when Japan invades Manchuria, a region in northeast China, leading to international tension.

  • September: The United Kingdom announces its decision to abandon the gold standard, causing global economic instability.

  • December: The Statute of Westminster is enacted, granting independence and dominion status to the Dominions within the British Empire.

    • 1932

  • January: The Lausanne Conference is held to renegotiate Germany's reparations after the Great Depression.

  • February: The Winter Olympics are held in Lake Placid, New York, for the first time as a separate event from the Summer Olympics.

  • June: The Bonus Army, a group of World War I veterans, marches on Washington, D.C., to demand early payment of a bonus promised to them.

  • November: Franklin D. Roosevelt is elected as the 32nd President of the United States, promising to implement the New Deal to address the Great Depression.

  • December: The Irish Free State passes the Constitution of Ireland, establishing the Republic of Ireland and cutting its ties with the British Commonwealth.

    • 1933

  • January: Adolf Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany, marking the beginning of the Nazi era in Germany.

  • March: The Reichstag Fire occurs, leading to the suspension of civil liberties in Germany and the consolidation of Hitler's power.

  • April: The United States recognizes the Soviet Union for the first time, establishing diplomatic relations between the two countries.

  • July: The New Deal, a set of economic and social programs, is implemented in the United States to combat the Great Depression.

  • November: The Great Purge, a series of political repressions and mass arrests, begins in the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin.

    • 1934

  • January: The Saar region votes to rejoin Germany after being governed by the League of Nations since World War I.

  • February: The Spanish Civil War begins, pitting the Republican government against Nationalist rebels led by General Francisco Franco.

  • June: The Tydings-McDuffie Act is passed, granting the Philippines the status of a Commonwealth and paving the way for its eventual independence from the United States.

  • August: Adolf Hitler becomes the Führer (leader) of Germany, gaining dictatorial powers.

  • October: The Long March, a strategic military retreat by the Chinese Communist Party, ends in Shaanxi Province, consolidating Mao Zedong's leadership.br>

    • 1935

  • March: Germany announces the reestablishment of its air force, violating the terms of the Treaty of Versailles.

  • June: The Social Realism art exhibition opens in Moscow, showcasing art that supports the goals of the Soviet Union.

  • September: The Nuremberg Laws are enacted in Germany, discriminating against Jewish citizens and limiting their rights.

  • October: Italy invades Ethiopia, leading to international condemnation and the imposition of sanctions against Italy by the League of Nations.

  • December: In the United States, the National Labor Relations Act is passed, protecting the rights of workers to unionize and bargain collectively.

    • 1936

  • February: The Winter Olympics are held in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, showcasing athletic achievements amid rising tensions in Europe.

  • April: The Montreux Convention is signed, granting Turkey greater control over the Bosporus and Dardanelles straits.

  • July: The Spanish Civil War intensifies as the Nationalist forces make significant gains, dividing the country and causing severe destruction.

  • August: The Berlin Olympics are held amid propaganda and strict control, with Germany dominating the medal count.

  • October: The Rome-Berlin Axis is formed, strengthening ties between Italy and Germany and further polarizing Europe.

    • 1937

  • January: The United Auto Workers (UAW) strike at General Motors leads to significant gains for workers and the establishment of the union as a major player in the American labor movement.

  • April: The Luftwaffe (German Air Force) bombs the Basque town of Guernica, marking the first instance of aerial bombing against civilian targets.

  • July: The Marco Polo Bridge Incident triggers the Second Sino-Japanese War, escalating tensions between China and Japan.

  • September: The Soviet Union undergoes a series of political trials, known as the Moscow Trials, to eliminate perceived enemies of Joseph Stalin's regime.

  • December: The Panay incident occurs when a Japanese aircraft sinks the American gunboat "Panay" on the Yangtze River, causing further strain in relations between the United States and Japan.

    • 1938

  • March: The Anschluss occurs as Germany
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