1. Dissolution of Empires: The war led to the collapse of Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and the Russian Empire, resulting in the creation of several new nations.
2. New Countries Established: New countries emerged in Europe, including Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.
3. Territorial Changes: Germany lost territory to France (Alsace-Lorraine), Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Belgium. Austria lost territory to Poland, Czechoslovakia, Italy, and Yugoslavia. Hungary lost territory to Romania, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia. Ottoman Empire lost territories in the Balkans, the Middle East, and North Africa.
4. Expansion of Borders: Italy gained South Tyrol from Austria and some border regions from France and Yugoslavia. Poland gained territories from Germany, Russia, and Austria-Hungary. Romania gained Transylvania from Austria-Hungary and Bukovina from Ukraine.
5. Mandates and Colonies: The peace settlement resulted in the establishment of mandates, territories that were governed by European countries on behalf of the League of Nations. France and the United Kingdom received mandates in the Middle East and Africa.
6. Formation of the League of Nations: The League of Nations was created in 1919 to promote international cooperation and prevent future wars. However, it faced various challenges and was unable to resolve conflicts and prevent the outbreak of World War II.
The political and territorial transformations resulting from World War 1 had a profound impact on the geopolitical landscape of Europe and contributed to the rise of nationalism and the eventual lead-up to World War II.