What were the two main affects of Crusades on Europe?

1. Economic growth and trade:

- Crusades led to the growth of trade between Europe and the East.

- European merchants established trading posts in the Middle East, which facilitated the exchange of goods and ideas between the two regions.

- It led to the rise of commercial cities, such as Venice, Genoa and Pisa.

2. Cultural and intellectual exchange:

- The Crusades exposed Europeans to different cultures and civilizations, leading to a period of cultural and intellectual exchange.

- Europeans became familiar with new ideas and technologies from the East, such as papermaking, windmills, and the astrolabe.

- There was also an exchange of knowledge in the fields of philosophy, science, and medicine.

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