Today, with the use of portable refrigerators and isothermal boxes, it is easy to maintain the cold chain and transport vaccines, but two centuries ago... To the English doctor Edward Jenner We owe him the discovery of the smallpox vaccine and, by extension, vaccines. He found that people who had b
IV.- 1461. The War of the Roses:Henry VI against Edward IV Although the Wars of the Roses began in 1455, it is not possible to understand this dynastic conflict without the facts described in the previous entry about the succession of Edward III and the deposition of Richard II by Henry Bolinbroke
Continuing and now to close the series of entries on the succession of Alfonso IX of León, we place ourselves in the weeks after his death in 1230 to follow in the footsteps of the candidates for the throne, the infantas Sancha and Dulce on the one hand, and the King Ferdinand III of Castile on the
In 1185 the well-known Norman marauders of Sicily who were overseeing the Byzantine Empire attacked, occupied and plundered Thessaloniki. With a base in the second city of the Empire they could easily threaten the capital Constantinople. The city was then ruled by the usurper Andronikos I Komnenos w