* Scurvy: This disease is caused by a deficiency of vitamin C, which is found in fresh fruits and vegetables. Scurvy can cause fatigue, weakness, bleeding gums, and skin sores. It was a major problem for conquistadors, who often went for long periods of time without eating fresh food.
* Dysentery: This is a diarrheal disease that is caused by bacteria or parasites. Dysentery can cause severe dehydration and can be fatal if not treated.
* Malaria: This is a mosquito-borne disease that can cause fever, chills, and anemia. Malaria was a major problem for conquistadors in the tropics.
* Yellow fever: This is a mosquito-borne disease that can cause fever, jaundice, and bleeding. Yellow fever was also a major problem for conquistadors in the tropics.
Food and Water
* Spoiled food: Food on ships often spoiled quickly, due to the heat and humidity. This could lead to food poisoning.
* Lack of fresh water: Ships often ran out of fresh water, which could lead to dehydration.
Storms
* Hurricanes: These powerful storms can cause ships to sink or be blown off course.
* Tropical storms: These less powerful storms can also be dangerous, causing ships to be damaged or capsized.
Pirates
* Pirate attacks: Ships were often attacked by pirates, who would rob and kill the crew and passengers.
Mutiny
* Mutiny: This is a rebellion against the authority of the captain. Mutinies were often caused by harsh conditions aboard ship.