- Two-handed swords: Often referred to as "espadas de montante," characterized by a long blade and primarily used by foot soldiers.
- One-handed swords: Such as the "espada ropera" or "estoque" were shorter and better suited for close-quarters combat and self-defense.
2. Crossbows:
- Commonly known as "ballestas," crossbows were powerful ranged weapons that could penetrate armor.
3. Halberds:
- Also called "alabardas," halberds combined a spear with an axe blade, allowing both cutting and thrusting capabilities.
4. Arquebuses:
- An early form of firearms, arquebuses were heavy, matchlock guns with a long barrel. They often required a forked rest for aiming.
5. Cannons:
- Conquistadors brought a range of cannons, from lightweight "falconets" to heavier artillery pieces like the "bombards," for sieges and fortress assaults.
6. Lances:
- Commonly used by mounted conquistadors, lances were long spears with a metal tip specifically designed for charging and jousting.
7. Shields:
- Shields with various shapes, sizes, and materials, such as metal or wood, were used for protection against enemy attacks.
8. Pikes:
- Known as "picas," pikes were long spears primarily utilized by infantry formations for defense and counter-cavalry tactics.
9. Daggers:
- Common as secondary or backup weapons, daggers or "puñales" were versatile for both stabbing and cutting.
10. Bows and Arrows:
- Although not as prevalent as other weapons, certain crossbowmen and Native American allies of the conquistadors still utilized bows and arrows.