What European countries provided support to the Americans?

France:

* Provided financial aid and military supplies.

* Sent troops to fight alongside the Americans.

* Provided naval support, including the decisive French fleet at the Battle of the Chesapeake.

* Recognized the United States as an independent nation in 1778.

Spain:

* Provided financial and military aid.

* Permitted American privateers to use Spanish ports.

* Allowed American ships to trade in Spanish colonies.

* Provided naval support to the French fleet.

Dutch Republic:

* Provided financial and military aid.

* Recognized the United States as an independent nation in 1782.

* Allowed American ships to trade in Dutch ports.

Prussia:

* Provided financial aid.

* Recognized the United States as an independent nation in 1785.

Russia:

* Recognized the United States as an independent nation in 1781.

* Offered mediation between the United States and Great Britain.

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