Location: Central Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, between Poland and the Netherlands
Area:
- Total: 357,022 sq km
- Land: 348,672 sq km
- Water: 8,350 sq km
Coastline: 2,389 km
Land Boundaries:
- Total: 3,621 km
- Border countries: Austria (815 km), Czech Republic (810 km), Denmark (68 km), France (451 km), Luxembourg (138 km), Netherlands (577 km), Poland (467 km), Switzerland (334 km), Belgium (167 km)
Climate: Temperate and seasonal, influenced by the North Sea, the Baltic Sea, and the Atlantic Ocean; cool, cloudy, wet winters and mild, cloudy, wet summers
Terrain: Varied topography with lowlands in the north, uplands in the central region, the Bavarian Alps in the southeast, and the Black Forest in the southwest
Elevation Extremes:
- Lowest Point: Neuendorf bei Wilster (-3.50 m)
- Highest Point: Zugspitze (2,962 m)
Natural Resources: Coal, iron ore, natural gas, timber, lignite, uranium, copper, nickel, potash, salt
Environmental Issues:
- Air pollution from industrial emissions, vehicle emissions, and coal combustion
- Water pollution from industrial waste and agricultural chemicals
- Soil pollution from industrial waste and agricultural chemicals
- Deforestation
- Loss of biodiversity
- Climate change
- Coastal erosion