1. Pax Romana (Roman Peace):
- One of Augustus's most significant achievements was establishing and maintaining the Pax Romana, a long period of relative peace and prosperity throughout the Roman Empire. This period of peace lasted for over two centuries and significantly reduced internal and external conflicts within the empire's territories.
2. Urban Improvements:
- Augustus focused on improving the infrastructure of Rome. He carried out extensive construction projects to enhance the city's safety and security. This included building new roads, bridges, and public spaces. He also constructed and renovated temples, theaters, and other public structures, which improved the overall quality of life for the citizens of Rome.
3. Military Reforms:
- Augustus reformed and restructured the Roman military, making it a well-organized and disciplined force. He established the Praetorian Guard, an elite unit responsible for the safety of the emperor and his family. He also established the urban cohortes vigilum, a fire department and night watch that ensured public safety within Rome.
4. Legal and Judicial Reforms:
- Augustus introduced legal reforms to improve justice and fairness within the Roman legal system. He set up courts and established clear legal procedures, making it easier for citizens to seek justice and protect their rights. He also took measures to reduce crime rates and enhance public safety.
5. Police Force and Public Order:
- Augustus created a professional police force known as the vigiles urbani to maintain public order and safety in Rome. The vigiles were responsible for patrolling the streets, extinguishing fires, and apprehending criminals. This contributed to a safer environment for the citizens.
6. Fire Prevention Measures:
- After the great fire of Rome in 64 CE, Augustus introduced measures to prevent and control future fires. He organized fire-fighting units, established building codes, and ensured that there was a sufficient water supply for firefighting. These steps improved fire safety and reduced the risk of large-scale fires in the city.
7. Food Supply and Public Health:
- Augustus implemented policies to ensure a reliable food supply for Rome's growing population. He established the annona system, which regulated grain distribution and ensured that the city had adequate supplies of food. This helped prevent food shortages and related social unrest.
8. Public Health Facilities:
- Augustus constructed public health facilities such as aqueducts, baths, and hospitals to promote hygiene and sanitation in Rome. Access to clean water and proper sanitation significantly reduced the spread of diseases and improved public health.
These measures, along with others, contributed to making Rome a safer and more secure place to live during the reign of Augustus and beyond.