The first major cultural group to arrive in Ireland was the Celts. The Celts were a group of people who originated in Central Europe and spread across much of Europe during the Iron Age. They arrived in Ireland around 500 BC and brought with them their language, culture, and social structures. The Celts were divided into a number of different tribes, each with its own king or chieftain.
In the 5th century AD, Ireland was invaded by the Romans. The Romans were a powerful empire that had conquered much of Europe. However, they were unable to establish a permanent presence in Ireland and withdrew in the 6th century AD.
After the Romans left, Ireland entered a period of relative isolation. This period lasted for several centuries, during which time the Irish developed their own unique culture and traditions. In the 12th century AD, Ireland was invaded by the Normans. The Normans were a powerful group of people who had conquered much of England and Wales. They established a strong presence in Ireland and introduced many changes, including the English language and the feudal system.
In the 16th century AD, Ireland was brought under the direct control of the English crown. This period of English rule lasted for several centuries and was marked by discrimination against Irish Catholics and the suppression of Irish culture. In the 19th century AD, Ireland began to move towards independence. The Irish people fought a number of wars against the British, and in 1922 Ireland became a self-governing dominion within the British Empire. In 1949, Ireland became a fully independent republic.