Political systems: The Soviet Union functioned as a one-party state with the Communist Party holding a monopoly on political power, and dissent was suppressed. In contrast, the United States had a multi-party democratic system, where citizens could freely participate in political processes and express their opinions.
Economic structures: The Soviet economy emphasized heavy industries, collectivized agriculture, and state-controlled distribution of resources. The United States, on the other hand, had a more diversified economy, with a focus on consumer goods and a market-based approach.
Foreign policies: The Soviet Union pursued a policy of expansion and influence through military power and support for communist movements around the world. In contrast, the United States adopted a policy of containment to limit the spread of communism and protect its allies. This rivalry resulted in the Cold War, a global ideological and geopolitical confrontation between the two superpowers and their respective allies.
Social structures: Soviet society was characterized by a hierarchical class system, where the Communist Party elite enjoyed significant privileges, while the general population faced restrictions and limited social mobility. In contrast, the United States promoted social equality, individual freedoms, and civil rights.
International alliances: The Soviet Union aligned itself with communist countries and formed alliances such as the Eastern Bloc and the Warsaw Pact. The United States, on the other hand, established alliances like NATO and SEATO to counter Soviet expansionism and defend Western interests.
These differences created a profound divide between the two superpowers, shaping the geopolitical landscape and global politics throughout the Cold War era and beyond.