- Local Knowledge: The guerrillas hailed from the areas in which they operated, giving them an advantage in terms of local knowledge and familiarity with the terrain. They knew the region's geography, escape routes, and safe havens, making it challenging for Napoleon's troops to effectively track them down.
-Hit-and-Run Tactics: Guerrillas employed hit-and-run tactics, which involved sudden attacks on French troops, fortifications, and supply lines, and then quickly dispersing to avoid being caught or identified.
- Popular Support: The guerrillas had the support of the local population, who viewed them as protectors against the foreign occupiers. This support provided them with important resources, intelligence, and safe passage.
- Limited Resources: Napoleon's troops faced challenges due to limited resources and stretched supply lines in the Iberian Peninsula. Guerrilla attacks further disrupted their logistics, making it challenging to sustain operations.
- Difficult Terrain: The mountainous terrain of the Peninsula favored the guerrillas, as it provided numerous opportunities for ambushes and quick retreats through rugged and inaccessible areas.
- Unconventional Warfare: Guerrilla warfare was a form of unconventional warfare that differed greatly from the conventional military tactics used by Napoleon's armies. This unfamiliar mode of combat made it difficult for the French to adapt and respond effectively.
By using these tactics, the guerrillas effectively frustrated and impeded Napoleon's efforts to conquer and control the Iberian Peninsula, contributing to the ultimate failure of his Peninsular War.