* Nazism: The treaty was widely seen as unfair and punitive by many Germans, who felt that they were being punished for a war that they did not start. This resentment helped to fuel the rise of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party, who promised to restore Germany to its former glory and avenge the Treaty of Versailles.
* World War II: The Treaty of Versailles is often cited as one of the factors that led to the outbreak of World War II. The treaty's harsh terms made it difficult for Germany to recover from the war, and the resentment that it caused contributed to the rise of Nazism.
* The Cold War: The Treaty of Versailles also contributed to the Cold War. The division of Germany into East and West was a direct result of the treaty, and the two sides of Germany became pawns in the global conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union.