GDR Government and SED Control: East Berlin was under the direct control of the German Democratic Republic (GDR), a socialist state governed by the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED). The SED held a monopoly on political power, controlling all aspects of life in East Germany, including East Berlin.
Soviet Military Presence: East Berlin was also under the watchful eyes of the Soviet Union, which maintained a significant military presence in East Germany and held the ultimate authority over East Berlin. Soviet troops were stationed throughout East Berlin, ensuring the compliance of the East German government and the SED.
Stasi Surveillance: The Stasi, or the Ministry for State Security, was the secret police force of East Germany. The Stasi had an extensive network of informants in East Berlin, monitoring the activities of citizens, identifying potential dissenters, and suppressing any opposition to the regime.
Restrictions on Travel and Communication: East Berliners faced severe restrictions on their freedom of movement and communication. They needed official permission to travel to West Berlin or other Western countries, and their communications were closely monitored and censored.
Censorship and Control of Media: The media in East Berlin was tightly controlled by the government, with all news and information filtered through the SED-controlled media outlets. Criticism of the regime or any expression of dissent was not tolerated, and journalists and writers were often subject to censorship, arrest, or imprisonment.
West Berlin:
Western Allies' Occupation and Control: West Berlin was occupied and controlled by the Western Allies, consisting of the United States, the United Kingdom, and France. The Western Allies maintained a military presence in West Berlin, ensuring its security and autonomy from East Germany.
Democratic System: In contrast to East Berlin, West Berlin had a democratic system of government, with free elections and multiple political parties. The people of West Berlin enjoyed individual freedoms, such as freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, and freedom of the press.
Mixed Economy and Prosperity: West Berlin had a mixed economy, combining elements of capitalism and social welfare. It received substantial economic aid from West Germany and the Western Allies, contributing to its prosperity and economic growth.
The "Berlin Wall" and Checkpoint Charlie: The infamous "Berlin Wall," built in 1961, physically divided East and West Berlin. Checkpoint Charlie, one of the most well-known crossing points between East and West Berlin, became a symbol of the Cold War division and a focal point for espionage activities.
In summary, East Berlin was controlled by the GDR government, the SED, and the Soviet military presence, with strict restrictions on individual freedoms, travel, and communication. On the other hand, West Berlin was occupied and controlled by the Western Allies, had a democratic system, a mixed economy, and enjoyed individual freedoms and economic prosperity.