The United States did not ratify the Treaty of Versailles, which was the peace treaty that ended World War I. There was significant opposition that the provisions were too harsh on Germany and would result in a future war, thus the Senate ultimately voted against ratifying the treaty by 38 to 53 votes, in 1919 and 1920. The treaty would ultimately be signed into force by the other Allies without US involvement. The US instead signed separate bilateral peace treaties with Germany, Austria, and Hungary.