Reduction in Melanism: During the industrial revolution, pollution, particularly soot and smoke, darkened the environment, leading to a phenomenon called industrial melanism. This favoured the survival of dark-coloured moths (such as the peppered moth) as they could camouflage better against the darkened surroundings. As pollution is reduced, the environment would become brighter again, reducing the selective pressure for dark coloration. This could result in a decrease in the frequency of melanic moths and a resurgence of lighter-coloured moth populations.
Increased Genetic Diversity: Pollution can reduce genetic diversity in moth populations. Toxic substances and pollutants can cause genetic mutations and reduce reproductive success, leading to a loss of genetic variation. Reversing pollution would reduce these pressures, allowing moth populations to maintain or regain their genetic diversity. Increased genetic diversity is essential for the long-term survival and adaptability of the species.
Expansion of Habitats: Pollution can degrade and fragment natural habitats, reducing the available resources and space for moths. As pollution is reversed, degraded habitats could start to recover, and fragmented areas could become more connected, allowing moth populations to expand and reoccupy their original ranges. This would provide more space and resources for moth survival and reproduction.
Reduced Stress: Pollution can cause various forms of stress on moths, including respiratory issues, reduced food availability, and exposure to toxic substances. Reversing pollution would alleviate these stressors, improving the overall health and vitality of moth populations.
Improved Reproductive Success: Pollution can negatively affect moth reproduction, reducing egg viability and larval survival. As pollution is reduced, reproductive success could increase, leading to larger and more stable moth populations.
Overall, reversing the pollution caused by the industrial revolution would create a more favourable environment for moths, leading to increased population sizes, improved genetic diversity, expanded habitats, reduced stress, and enhanced reproductive success. These factors would contribute to the recovery and long-term sustainability of moth populations.