1. Land Suitability for Agriculture:
- Savannah: The savannah has relatively fertile soils and receives more rainfall compared to the Sahel. This makes it more suitable for practicing agriculture, allowing communities to engage in farming and raising livestock.
2. Water Availability:
- Savannah: The savannah often experiences more consistent rainfall compared to the Sahel. This means there is generally greater access to water for both human consumption and irrigation in agriculture. Improved water availability supports settlements and sustains larger populations.
3. Biodiversity & Resource Abundance:
- Savannah: The savannah is known for its diverse wildlife and natural resources, including various plant species, animals, and minerals. This abundance of resources can provide various livelihood opportunities for the local communities, such as hunting, gathering, and trading.
4. Infrastructure Development:
- Savannah: The savannah might be more developed than the Sahel in terms of infrastructure such as roads, schools, hospitals, and markets. These facilities enhance the quality of life and attract people to settle in the area.
5. Disease Prevalence:
- Sahel: Certain regions within the Sahel experience challenges related to diseases like malaria, water-borne illnesses, and malnutrition due to harsh environmental conditions. This can discourage settlement and make living conditions more challenging.
6. Historical and Cultural Factors:
- Cultural Preferences: Some ethnic groups may have cultural or traditional connections to the savannah region, leading to a long history of settlement and a larger population over time.
Please note that these reasons are not exhaustive, and specific conditions may vary within different regions and countries across both the Savannah and Sahel.