Arguments that capitalism played a significant role
- Imperialist Expansion: Capitalism's need for raw materials and new markets led to increased competition among European powers, leading to tensions and conflict.
- Economic Nationalization: As countries pursued economic self-sufficiency, they raised tariffs and other trade barriers, leading to economic downturns and increased tensions.
- Rise of Fascism: The Great Depression created widespread economic hardship, leading to the rise of fascist regimes in Italy, Germany, and Japan, which pursued aggressive expansionist policies.
Arguments that capitalism played a limited or non-existent role
- Structural Causes: World War 2's origins are best explained by structural factors, such as the Versailles Treaty, the rise of nationalism, and the failure of the League of Nations.
- Economic Downturn: The Great Depression was not unique to capitalist countries and was experienced by countries with different economic systems.
- Fascist Ideology: Fascism's rise was primarily due to political factors, such as nationalism, anti-Semitism, and fear of communism, rather than economic factors.
Conclusion
While capitalism may have contributed to the circumstances that led to World War II, it is ultimately a complex issue that cannot be attributed to a single cause. The origins of World War II are multifaceted, influenced by political, economic, social, and other factors, and the relative importance of these factors remains a subject of ongoing historical debate.