1. Developing and expanding the plantation system: Southern planters relied heavily on slave labor to cultivate large-scale plantations, primarily for cotton and tobacco. This system allowed the South to produce more crops for export and generate revenue despite its smaller population and lack of infrastructure compared to the North.
2. Advocating for states' rights and nullification: Southern states advocated for states' rights to protect their interests and maintain slavery. This led to conflicts with the federal government, such as the nullification crisis of 1832 when South Carolina challenged federal tariff laws. Southern states argued that they had the right to nullify or void federal laws they considered unconstitutional.
3. Engaging in political maneuvering: Southern politicians were highly skilled in maneuvering within the federal government to advance their interests. They formed alliances with Northern politicians and played a significant role in shaping national policies. Southern statesmen like John C. Calhoun and Jefferson Davis were prominent figures in national politics and advocated for Southern rights and interests.
4. Expanding territories and acquiring new land: The South sought to expand its territory by acquiring new lands, primarily through westward expansion and the annexation of Texas in 1845. This provided more land for plantations and increased political power in the Senate and House of Representatives.
5. Secession and the formation of the Confederate States of America: Ultimately, the South's attempt to preserve its way of life and its reliance on slavery led to secession and the formation of the Confederate States of America in 1861. The Civil War ensued, and the Southern states were defeated, resulting in the abolition of slavery and significant changes to the nation's political and economic landscape.