- Jim Crow laws: These laws imposed racial segregation in the Southern states, leading to widespread discrimination against African Americans.
- Lynchings: African Americans were often lynched by white mobs, often for minor offenses or false accusations. There were over 4,700 lynchings of African Americans in the United States between 1882 and 1968.
- Red Summer of 1919: This refers to a series of race riots that took place in the United States in 1919, which resulted in the deaths of hundreds of African Americans and whites. The riots were sparked by various factors, including economic competition, white resentment of African American migration to Northern cities, and increased racial tensions after World War I.
Europe:
- Colonialism and imperialism: European colonial powers often engaged in violent suppression of indigenous populations in Africa, Asia, and the Americas. Millions of people were killed, enslaved, or displaced as a result of colonialism.
- Anti-Semitism: Jews faced widespread discrimination and violence in Europe, including pogroms (organized massacres) and other forms of persecution.
Other Parts of the World:
- Racial violence in Africa, Asia, and Latin America: Many countries in these regions experienced racial violence, often related to colonialism, ethnic conflicts, and power struggles.