Compared to other countries, Peruvians have built an official memory of independence as a process that came from outside and minimizing the participation of Peruvians, says the renowned historian. For many generations, Peruvians have been commemorating July 28, 1821 as “the day of our independence”.
Arthur Bernardes was the 12th President of the Republic during the period of the Old Republic (1889-1930), and ruled the country from 1922 to 1926. He was part of the coffee au lait policy , led by the oligarchies of the states of São Paulo (a large producer of coffee) and Minas Gerais (a large pr
The Trench Warfare (1915-1917) consisted of the phase of the First World War when this military tactic was widely used. What happened? The Trench War lasted two years and was the longest period of the conflict. As the armies of the Allies and the Central Powers had very balanced forces, the soluti
By Juan José Pacheco Ibarra UNMSM Historian How did the ancient people of Lima celebrate Christmas? In the 19th century, Christmas was a true religious holiday, very different from the one we celebrate now. Christmas was the central celebration of a series of activities that lasted throughout the