The 13th Amendment (1865) abolished slavery in the United States. It states:
> _Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction._
14th Amendment
The 14th Amendment (1868) guaranteed citizenship to all people born or naturalized in the United States. It states:
> _All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws._
15th Amendment
The 15th Amendment (1870) prohibited the denial of voting rights based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude. It states:
> _The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude._
These three amendments together effectively gave African Americans citizenship rights after the Civil War. However, it took many years for these rights to be fully realized. In the decades after the Civil War, African Americans faced severe discrimination and violence, and they were often denied their full rights as citizens. It was not until the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s that African Americans finally began to achieve full equality under the law.