Overall, the clothing of 1780 can be described as being more relaxed and informal compared to the elaborate styles of the previous decades. Simpler, more functional clothing was preferred, reflecting the democratic ideals and the spirit of egalitarianism that were taking hold in the new republic.
For women, the popular silhouette of the day was characterized by a high-waisted, loose-fitting gown known as a "chemise gown" or "round gown". This style featured a bodice that was gathered or pleated under the bust, creating a blouson effect, and often had a sash or belt tied at the waist. The skirts of these gowns were full and sweeping, often with delicate pleats or gathers.
Underneath the gown, women wore a corset or stays to shape their figures. Petticoats were also worn to add fullness to the skirts. During the colder months, women might wear a spencer, which was a short, fitted jacket or bolero that reached just below the waist.
Accessories were also important, with women wearing lace caps or hats to cover their hair, as well as shawls or cloaks for warmth. Jewelry, such as necklaces, earrings, and brooches, were popular, and fans were often carried as a fashion statement.
For men, the common attire included breeches or trousers that ended just below the knee. These were typically made from wool, cotton, or linen, depending on the season and the wearer's social class. A waistcoat or vest was often worn over a shirt, and a coat was added for warmth in colder weather.
Cravats, which were long pieces of cloth tied around the neck, were popular accessories, as well as hats such as tricorne hats or the more casual round hats. Men might also carry walking sticks or canes as fashion items.
In general, the fashion of 1780 in America was characterized by a mixture of simplicity, practicality, and elegance, reflecting the unique circumstances and values of the young nation.