What did southern whites use to disenfranchise African American during reconstruction?

Black codes were a set of laws used in the United States during the Reconstruction Era (1865-1877) to restrict the rights of African Americans. These codes varied from state to state, but they typically included provisions that:

* Prohibited African Americans from voting, holding office, and serving on juries

* Restricted African Americans' access to education, employment, and public accommodations

* Required African Americans to carry passes when they traveled

* Allowed for the arrest and imprisonment of African Americans for minor offenses

Black codes were used to disenfranchise African Americans and prevent them from fully participating in American society. They were also used to justify violence and discrimination against African Americans.

Jim Crow laws were a set of laws that imposed racial segregation in the Southern United States from the late 19th century to the mid-20th century. These laws were named after Jim Crow, a fictional character used in minstrel shows and other popular entertainment to represent African Americans. Jim Crow laws segregated African Americans from whites in public places, such as schools, restaurants, hotels, and transportation. They also restricted African Americans' access to voting, employment, and other opportunities.

Jim Crow laws were used to disenfranchise African Americans and prevent them from fully participating in American society. They were also used to justify violence and discrimination against African Americans.