1. Native Americans: During the colonization of the Americas, some indigenous groups were enslaved by European settlers. Although their enslavement was not as widespread or intensive as that of Africans, Native American tribes such as the Pequot, Wampanoag, and Seminole experienced forced labor, captivity, and other forms of exploitation.
2. Europeans: During the Middle Ages and Renaissance, populations from various parts of Europe, such as Eastern Europe and the Balkans, were enslaved. Slavic people were particularly vulnerable to enslavement, especially by empires such as the Ottoman Empire and the Venetian Republic.
3. Irish: During the 17th and 18th centuries, large numbers of Irish people were forcibly transported to the Americas, Australia, and other British colonies as indentured servants. While not technically enslaved, their conditions often amounted to involuntary servitude and exploitation.
4. Chinese: In the 19th century, Chinese laborers faced severe forms of exploitation and forced labor, particularly during the construction of railroads in the United States and the establishment of colonial enclaves in Southeast Asia.
5. Southeast Asians: During the colonial period, Southeast Asian populations were subjected to forced labor and bonded labor by European powers. In countries like Indonesia and Malaysia, indigenous groups were forced to work on plantations and in mining industries under harsh conditions.
It's important to note that the experiences and conditions of enslavement varied across these different groups, and not all individuals experienced the same level of oppression or exploitation. The history of slavery is complex, multifaceted, and continues to be a subject of ongoing research and societal reckoning.