How did President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1930s to lessen human misery and end economic downturn called Great Depression?

To address the human suffering and economic downturn caused by the Great Depression, President Franklin D. Roosevelt implemented various programs and policies collectively referred to as the "New Deal." The objectives of the New Deal were to provide relief to those immediately affected by the crisis, reform the financial system, and stimulate long-term economic recovery. Here are key aspects of the New Deal:

1. Relief:

- Emergency Banking Act: Roosevelt declared a "bank holiday" and implemented measures to restore confidence in the banking system.

- Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC): It was established to insure bank deposits and prevent bank runs.

2. Recovery:

- Public Works Administration (PWA): It oversaw the construction of thousands of public projects to create jobs and boost the economy.

- Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC): This program employed young men to carry out conservation projects, such as reforestation and soil conservation.

3. Financial Reforms:

- Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC): This government agency regulated the stock market to prevent manipulation and fraud.

- Glass-Steagall Act: It separated investment banking from commercial banking to reduce the risk of financial crises.

4. Social Security Act:

- This landmark legislation established a social safety net to provide unemployment insurance and old-age pensions.

5. Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA):

- TVA aimed to improve the economy and quality of life in the Tennessee Valley region through the development of hydroelectric power and other infrastructure projects.

6. Works Progress Administration (WPA):

- WPA provided jobs to millions of unemployed workers in a variety of public projects, including the construction of roads, schools, and hospitals.

7. National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act):

- This law granted workers the right to organize unions and collectively bargain with their employers.

8. Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA):

- AAA's goal was to support agricultural prices and provide relief to farmers struggling during the Great Depression.

9. Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA):

- FERA provided direct financial assistance to millions of Americans in need.

10. National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA):

- NIRA aimed to regulate industries and establish "codes of fair competition" to stabilize the economy.

Roosevelt's New Deal policies had wide-ranging impacts. While they did not completely eliminate the Depression, they provided much-needed relief to the suffering population, created jobs, and instilled a sense of hope during those challenging times. The New Deal programs played a significant role in shaping the modern American social and economic landscape, and their legacy continues to influence policy discussions today.