The Second Industrial Revolution, also known as the Technological Revolution, is characterized by advancements in technology and infrastructure. This era started in the late 19th century, following the First Industrial Revolution. It introduced numerous innovations such as mass production techniques, electricity, the internal combustion engine, and telecommunications. This phase of transformation marked the rise of new industries, including steel, chemical, electrical, and automobile. During this period, significant progress was made in scientific research, and technology became increasingly integrated into societal structures, reshaping various industries and daily life.