1. Capital and Monarch: The capital of the Kingdom of Israel was Samaria, and its first ruler was Jeroboam I, while the capital of the Kingdom of Judah remained Jerusalem, with Rehoboam as its monarch.
2. Religious Differences: The Kingdom of Israel established its own religious centers and practices, including golden calf worship and the construction of temples in Bethel and Dan. In contrast, the Kingdom of Judah maintained the temple in Jerusalem as the primary center of worship.
3. Political Instability: Both kingdoms experienced political instability and faced threats from neighboring nations, such as the Arameans and the Egyptians. There was frequent conflict and battles between the two kingdoms as well.
4. Fall and Captivity: The Kingdom of Israel fell to the Assyrians in 722 BCE, leading to the exile and dispersion of its people (known as the Israelite Diaspora). The Kingdom of Judah lasted longer but was conquered by the Babylonians in 586 BCE, resulting in the destruction of the First Temple in Jerusalem and the Babylonian exile of its inhabitants.
5. Legacy: The division of Israel had a profound impact on the history of the Jewish people. It marked the end of the united monarchy established by King David and influenced the development of their religious practices, beliefs, and culture. The division also shaped their relationship with other nations and left a lasting legacy in the Jewish identity and heritage.