1. France: Claimed a vast area known as "Louisiana," which included significant portions of the Midwest, Great Plains, and Southwest, including New Orleans.
2. Spain: Controlled lands in the Southwest, which included present-day California, Utah, Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico, and parts of Colorado. They established several settlements, especially in California with missions and presidios (forts).
3. Russia: Had a presence in Alaska until 1867, before selling it to the United States through the Alaska Purchase.