Sydney and Melbourne were the most prominent cities in Australia during the late 19th century. Both cities had strong economies, populations, and political influence. This led to intense rivalry and conflict between the two cities, each vying for dominance and asserting its influence over the other. Establishing a capital city in either Sydney or Melbourne would have intensified this rivalry, potentially hindering national cohesion and unity.
2. Geographic Disadvantage:
Sydney and Melbourne are both located on the eastern coast of Australia. This geographic position made them susceptible to external threats and potential attacks, especially from the sea. Establishing the capital city in a coastal location would have increased the vulnerability of the government and critical institutions to external aggression.
3. Central Location:
One of the primary considerations in selecting the capital city was its central location, allowing for efficient communication and transportation to various parts of the country. Both Sydney and Melbourne were not centrally located. A more centrally located capital city was deemed necessary to facilitate effective governance and administration across the vast expanse of Australia.
4. Compromise and Unity:
To promote national unity and avoid further conflicts, the decision was made to establish a new capital city that would be neutral and not affiliated with any existing city. Canberra was chosen as the ideal location due to its relatively central position and lack of strong regional loyalties. By creating a new capital city, the government aimed to symbolize a fresh start and a sense of equality among all Australian states and territories.
5. Future Planning and Development:
Sydney and Melbourne were already well-established cities with limited room for expansion and growth. Establishing the capital city in a new location provided the opportunity to design and develop a modern city according to the latest urban planning principles. Canberra was envisioned as a planned city, accommodating both government functions and urban living, with ample space for future growth and expansion.