In 1519, Hernán Cortés landed on the coast of Mexico and began his conquest of the Aztec Empire. Within two years, he had defeated the Aztecs and claimed Mexico for Spain. Mexico remained a Spanish colony for over 300 years, until it gained independence in 1821.
Central America
After conquering Mexico, Cortés turned his attention to Central America. He led several expeditions into the region, and by 1524 he had claimed most of Central America for Spain. Central America remained a Spanish colony for over 300 years, until it gained independence in the early 19th century.
South America
In 1532, Cortés led an expedition to South America. He explored the Pacific coast of South America, and he claimed several territories for Spain. However, Cortés was unable to establish a permanent Spanish presence in South America.
In addition to these areas, Cortés also claimed several islands in the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean for Spain.