1. Nationalism :
-Growing sense of national pride and competition among European countries.
-Desire to expand territories and increase power.
2. Imperialism:
-European powers competing for colonies and resources in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East.
-Increased tensions, alliances, and rivalries.
3. Militarism:
-Rapid arms buildup and militarization by major European powers.
-Belief in the necessity of military strength and readiness for war.
4. The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand:
-Heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne.
-Murdered by a Serbian nationalist in 1914.
-Precipitated a chain of events leading to the outbreak of war.