Allied Powers:
- France: Raymond Poincaré (President), Georges Clemenceau (Prime Minister)
- United Kingdom: George V (King), Herbert Asquith (Prime Minister), David Lloyd George (Prime Minister)
- Russian Empire: Nicholas II (Tsar), Alexander Kerensky (Prime Minister), Vladimir Lenin (leader of the Bolshevik party)
- United States: Woodrow Wilson (President)
Central Powers:
- Germany: Wilhelm II (Kaiser), Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg (Chancellor)
- Austria-Hungary: Franz Joseph I (Emperor), István Tisza (Prime Minister), Karl I (Emperor)
- Ottoman Empire: Mehmed V (Sultan), Enver Pasha (Minister of War)