However, over time, the perception of World War 1 changed significantly, and it began to be viewed more negatively. This shift in perspective can be attributed to several factors:
1. The Enormous Loss of Life: The war resulted in an unprecedented loss of life, with millions of soldiers killed and millions more wounded. The scale of devastation and human suffering had a profound impact on public consciousness and led to a reassessment of the war's necessity and righteousness.
2. The Brutality of Trench Warfare: The war introduced new forms of warfare, including trench warfare, which involved prolonged periods of fighting in squalid and dangerous conditions. The sheer horror and inhumanity of trench life, coupled with the use of chemical weapons and artillery barrages, contributed to the war's negative perception.
3. Questioning of Nationalism: The war challenged the prevailing ideals of nationalism and patriotism that had dominated European society in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The disillusionment and skepticism that followed the war led many to question the glorified narrative of heroism and sacrifice.
4. Impact of Literature and Art: The emergence of powerful literature, art, and poetry depicting the horrors of war played a significant role in shaping public opinion. Works like Erich Maria Remarque's "All Quiet on the Western Front" and Wilfred Owen's war poetry provided firsthand accounts of the brutality and futility of war, challenging the traditional glorification of conflict.
5. Lessons from World War II: The subsequent outbreak of World War II only reinforced the negative perception of World War 1. The lessons learned from the earlier war, particularly the disastrous consequences of appeasement and the devastating effects of total war, further cemented the view of World War 1 as a tragic and unnecessary conflict.
In conclusion, while World War 1 may have been initially perceived positively, the immense human suffering, questioning of nationalism, influential literary works, and the experience of World War II contributed to its increasingly negative portrayal over time.